Hyderabad

Hyderabad is a district in the State of Telangana in India. It derives its name from its headquarters city of the same name, a bustling four century old metropolis, and the capital city of the state. It consists of the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad.

Built on the banks of the river Musi, and surrounded by huge prehistoric rock formations like petrified, gray elephants, this city in known for the seat of the fabulously wealthy former Nizams. This city was founded in 1590 by Muhammad Quli, the fifth of the Qutb Shahi kings.

As per census 2011, the district has 2 Revenue Divisions and 16 Mandas. Hyderabad Revenue Division has 9 Mandals, and Secunderabad Revenue Division has 7 Mandals. The district has 3 towns (2 statutory - Hyderabad and Secunderabad, and one census town Osmania University.)

District Highlights - 2011 Census

• Hyderabad district stands 23rd position in terms of area with 217.00 Sq. Kms and ranks 10th in terms of population with 39,43,323 persons in the state.
• Hyderabad district stands 18th in terms of urban area with 217.00 Sq. Kms and ranks 1st in terms of urban population with 39,43,323 persons in the state and as it has no rural position it stands least position for area and population.
• The district ranks 15th in terms of households with 8,49,051 as against 6,95,906 households in 2001.
• The district ranks 23rd in terms of total number of villages with no villages as this district is entirely urban and the same prevailed in 2001 Census.
• The district ranks 23rd position in the state in terms of Sex-ratio with 954 as against 933 in 2001.
• The district ranks 1st in terms of Density with 18,172 persons per Sq. Kms as against 17,649 in 2001.
• The district ranks 5th in terms of literacy with 28,92,155 literates as against 26,34,349 in 2001.
• The district is with 14,13,297 workers and 25,30,026 non-workers as against 1,19,842 workers and 27,09,911 non-workers in 2001 respectively.

History

The great Dravidian race is believed to have occupied a major portion of the Deccan Plateau during the pre-historic times. The whole of Berar and a considerable part of the Deccan came under the Empire of Ashoka (273-231 BC). The Andhras were the next rulers who rose to power about 220 BC in the Krishna Delta and soon extended their sway up to Nasik. Their rule ended in the third century AD. It is believed that the Pallavas ruling south of Krishna at that time might have extended their rule in this region after the fall of the Andhras. The region came under the Chalukyas who rose to power about AD 550 in Bijapur and established their empire spreading from east and west across the Peninsula with their capital at Kalyani. Pulakeshi II (608-642) ruled in the whole area south of Narmada River. By mid eighth century, Rashtrakutas of Malkhed, now in Gulbarga district, displaced the Chalukyas. However, the Chalukyas came to power again by 973. When the Chalukyan power was on the decline Kakatiyas of Warangal began ruling this region from 1150. When the Chalukyan power finally fell about 1189, two new powers emerged - the Hoyalalas and the Yadavas. The Yadavas established themselves at Deogiri. Allauddin Khilji led a military expedition for the first time in the Deccan in 1294 against the Yadavas of Deogiri and forced him to submission. After assassinating his uncle in 1296, who was the king of the Delhi Sultanate at that time, Allaudding became king. He sent a military expedition against the Kakatiyas of Warangal in 1303 which failed. The second expedition led by Malik Kafur was sent against the Kakatiyas in 1309, who succeeded in subjugating the king who agreed to pay tribute. Malik Kafur was sent on another expedition in 1310 against the Hoyasala king of Dorasamudra (Halebid in Mysore). Harpal, the Yadava king of Deogiri, rebelled in the meantime, but was defeated in 1318 and put to death. The Yadava dynasty ended with his death.

The rule of Kakatiyas of Warangal ended in 1323, who was defeated by Muhammed bin Tughlak. Muhammed bin Tughlak ascended to the throne at Delhi in 1325. The kings of Telangana paid tribute to him. He renamed Deogiri to Daulatabat and made it his capital.

However, only a few years after the imperial governors of the Deccan revolted against the rule of Delhi Sultanate which finally ended in 1347 with the establishment of Bahmani Dynasty. Zafar Khan, who styled himself as Allauddin Hasan Shah Gangu, founded this Bahmani Sultanate which included Bidar and Gulbarga provences. Gulbarga was made capital. Bahmani Kingdom extended from Berar in the North to the left bank of the Tungabhadra in the South and from Dabal on the West Coast to Telangana tracks in the East. Bahmani Kingdom ended in 1527.

Barid Shahi Kingdom rose to power in 1487. Amir Barid had assumed the sole charge of the affairs of Bahmani Kingdom that ended in 1527. He died in 1538 in Daulatabad. His son Ali Barid succeded him and assumed the title of Shah. He and his allies marched against the king of Vijayanagar in 1565. A battle was fought at Tallikota, and the Vijayanagar king was defeated. Ali Barid died in 1582, and was succeeded by three other kings. Barid Shahi finally ended in 1619.

Qutub Shahis of Golconda rose to power in 1512 when Qutub ul Mulk Sultan Kuli, a Turk, who was governor of the Gokonda province under the Bahmanis, declared himslrf independent. Muhammad Shah was the Bahmani king at that time. Qutub Shahi Dynaty ruled the area until 1687, when Golconda Fort fell to the sword of Aurangzeb. It is to be noted that the fifth descendant of this dynasty Muhammed Quli laid foundation of Charminar at Hyderabad.

The Deccan came under the Mughal Empire in 1687 after the fall of Golconda Fort. Shah Jahan was welcomed at Golconda by Abdullah Qutub Shah when the former had revolted against his father and fled from Burhanpur. However, when Shah Jahan became the emperor he had sent a farman to Golconda which was well received. The occasion had arisen due to an appeal of Mir Jumla. the king's minister, to the Mughal king for help against his master. Under Aurangzeb, the territory was invaded, and Hyderabad was plundered, and the king Abdullah made to pay a tribute. He died in 1674 and succeeded by his nephew Abdul Hasan, also called Tana Shah. When Golconda was taken over by Aurangzeb in 1687, Tana Shah was made a prisoner who died in 1704.

Chin Kalich Khan (Asifjah) was appointed subedar in 1713, because he was a trusted and distinguished General of Aurangzeb. He was a Turk by descent. He was given a title of Nizam ul Mulk. However, when Mughal empire was on decline, he asserted his independence. Mughal rulers at Delhi, therefore, secretly instructed Mubariz Khan, the Governor of Khandesh, to oppose him. It resulted into the battle of Shakharkhelda in 1724 which is in Buldana district of Berar. Asifjah became the master of the Deccan on October 11, 1724 by defeating Mubariz Khan in the battle of Shakar Kheda (also called the battle of Fathkhera). Mubariz Khan lost his life. Asif Jahi dynaty was established after the battle. He instituted the title of Nizam, annexed Berar, and made Hyderabad his capital.

After the death of Asif Jah, his second son Nazir Jung and his grandson Muzaffar Jung by one of his daughter claimed for succession. The English supported Nazir Jung and the French supported Muzaffar Jung due to their desire to establish their supremacy over the region. Nazir Jung became king and Muzaffar Jung was made prisoner. However, after the assassination of Nazir Jung, Muzaffar Jung became the king. The French Governor Duplex became the controller of the Nizam's authority. When Muzaffar Jung was killed by some Pathan chiefs, the French selected Salabat Jung as king. Slabat Jung was a brother of Nazir Jung. At this point of time, the eldest son of Asif Jah, Ghaziuddin emerged as a claimant to the throne. He was supported by the Marathas, but his sudden death put an end to this issue.

Salabat Jung was left by the French to shift of himself. It was the result of the victories of the British under Clive in the Carnatic which had forced the French to turn their attention to their own possessions. The English supported Ali Khan, the fourth son of Asif Jah, for the throne on latter's promise to dismiss the French from his service. Salabat Jung was detrhroned in 1761 and Nizam Ali Khan became king.

The Northern Circars were ceded to the British in 1766 on the condition that the British would furnish a subsidiary force to the Nizam in the event of war, and when there would be no war, they will give Nizam six lakh rupees per annum. Nizam on his part promised to support the British with his troops. In 1768, Nizam entered into an treaty with East India Company and the Nawab of Carnatic, for an assistance to Nizam with troops on payment whenever required. In 1790, a war broke out between Tipu Sultan and the British. However, peace restored on Tipu's relinquishment of half of his dominion, which was divided among the British and their allies Nizam and the Marathas.

On the fall of Srirangapatnam and death of Tipu Sultan, Nizam's share was increased because withdrawal of the Peshwas from the treaty of Mysore (1799). Under the treaty of 1800 between the Nizam and the British, the former ceded all the territories to the latter which had accrued to him under the treaties of 1792 and 1799. Those were Cuddapah, Kurnool, Annanthpur, and Bellary districts of Madras.

After the death of Nizam Ali Khan in 1803, his son Sikander Jah became king. He died in 1829 and succeeded by his son Nasir ud daula. After the death of Nasir ud daula in 1857, his son Afzal ud daula became king who also died in 1869. His son Mir Mahabub Ali Khan Bahadur then became ruler. He was only three years old at that time and therefore a regency was established to rule. On attaining majority, Mir Mahabub Ali Khan was installed as ruler by Lord Rippon. When Mir Mahabub Ali Khan died in 1911, his son Mir Osman Ali Khan became king.

In independent Inda, Nizam's dominion became part of Indian Union in 1948 as a Part 'B' state. It was then called Hyderabad state. Hyderabad district was part of Hyderabad state but finally merged in the state of Andhra Pradesh on November 1, 1956. It is worth mentioning here that the Hyderabad state was trifurcated in 1956. Telugu speaking areas were transferred to Andhra Pradesh, Kannada speaking areas to Mysore state, and Marathi speaking areas to Maharashtra. When the state of Telangana was carved out from Andhra Pradesh in 2014, the district became a part of Telangana.

Hyderabad district was created in the 1940s after abolishment of the Atraf-i-Badla district and the district of Baghat. In 1948 it passed under Central Administration and ceased to be the ruler's personal property. Rangareddy district was carved out from Hyderabad district in 1978.

Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies and their areas after delimitation order of 2008

57 Musheerabad Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Hyderabad (M Corp.+OG) (Part) Hyderabad (M Corp.) (Part) Ward No.1

58 Malakpet Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Hyderabad (M Corp.+OG) (Part) Hyderabad (M Corp.) (Part) Ward No.16 Ward No.17 (Part) Block No. 8 and 9

59 Amberpet Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Hyderabad (M Corp.+OG) (Part) Hyderabad (M Corp.) (Part) - Ward No.2 Ward No.3 (Part) Block No. 1 to 4

60 Khairatabad Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Hyderabad (M Corp.+OG) (Part) Hyderabad (M Corp.) (Part) Ward No.6 Ward No. 3 (Part) Block No. 5 and 6 Ward No.8 (Part) Block No. 2. Ward No.5 (Part) Block No. 10

61 Jubilee Hills Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Hyderabad (M Corp.+OG) (Part) Hyderabad (M Corp.) (Part) Ward No.8 (Part) Block No. 1, 3 and 4.

62 Sanathnagar Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Hyderabad (M Corp.+OG) (Part) Hyderabad (M Corp.) (Part) Ward No.7, 24 (excluding the area in AC – 46 Kukatpalle) and 25 to 30.

63 Nampally Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Hyderabad (M Corp.+OG) (Part) Hyderabad (M Corp.) (Part) Ward No. 10 to 12.

64 Karwan Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Hyderabad (M Corp.+OG) (Part) Hyderabad (M Corp.) (Part) Ward No.9 Ward No. 13 (Part) Block No. 3 to 6.

65 Goshamahal Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Hyderabad (M Corp.+OG) (Part) Hyderabad (M Corp.) (Part) Ward No. 4, 14 and 15 Ward No. 5 (Part) Block No. 1 to 9 Ward No. 13 (Part) Block No. 1 and 2.

66 Charminar Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Hyderabad (M Corp.+OG) (Part) Hyderabad (M Corp.) (Part) Ward No. 20 to 23.

67 Chandrayangutta Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Hyderabad (M Corp.+OG) (Part) Hyderabad (M Corp.) (Part) Ward No.18 (Part) Block No. 1 to 3 and 8 to 14.

68 Yakutpura Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Hyderabad (M Corp.+OG) (Part) Hyderabad (M Corp.) (Part)- Ward No.17 (Part) Block No. 1 to 7 Ward No.18 (Part) Block No. 6 and 7

69 Bahadurpura Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Hyderabad (M Corp.+OG) (Part) Hyderabad (M Corp.) (Part) Ward No.18 (Part) Block No. 4 and 5 Ward No.19.

70 Secunderabad Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Hyderabad (M Corp.+OG) (Part) Hyderabad (M Corp.) (Part) Ward No.33 (Part) Block No. 4 to 7 Ward No. 34 and 35 Osmania University Area.

71 Secunderabad Cantt. Vidhan Sabha Constituency (SC) - Hyderabad (M Corp.+OG) (Part) Hyderabad (M Corp.) (Part) Ward No. 31 and 32 Ward No.33 (Part) Block No.1 to 3 Secunderabad Cantonment Board.

Places of Interest
Charminar, Mecca Masjid, Golconda Fort, Salar Jung Museum, Hussain Sagar, Jama Masjid of Hyderabad, St. Joseph's Cathedral, St. Mary's Church, Birla Mandir, Birla Planetarium, Falaknuma Palace, Hi-Tech City, High Court, Qutub Shahi Tombs, Paigah Tombs, Chote Hazrat Ki Dargah, Raymond's Tomb, Sanjeevaiah Park, Indira Park, Naubat Pahad, Public Gardens, Nehru Zoological Park, etc.